Elemental Composition and Health Risk Assessment of Giant Mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) From the Intertidal Zone of the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The elemental pollution in the intertidal zone of West Coast Peninsular Malaysia is concern because this place an ultimate sink anthropogenic contaminants. In study, concentrations (Al, Fe, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd) various tissues (muscle, gill, liver, gastrointestinal tract, scale) giant mudskippers ( Periophthalmodon schlosseri ) from were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. potential health risks associated with fish muscle consumption assessed using estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), cancer risk (TR). results showed that relatively high Fe (1,641.91 ± 96.77 mg/kg), Ba (7.07 0.05 Co (0.32 0.00 Mn (36.08 0.04 Ni (4.43 0.06 mg/kg) found scales, suggesting uptake waterborne elements via dermal exposure. However, all studied below national international food permissible limits. Health assessment through estimation THQ suggested long-term exposure As would cause possible non-carcinogenic risk. Also, TR indicated consumers are susceptible to Cr consumption. Thus, for a developing country like Malaysia, it recommended include continuous monitoring zones, bioindicators, assess ecosystem status safeguard human health. Additionally, mitigation strategies address estuaries contamination efforts conserve sustain natural resources should be established.